Criminal 5: The Sinners

Criminal 5: The Sinners

I don’t know if this is the longest volume yet in the Criminal series but it sure felt like it. There’s a lot of plot to get through. When last we left tough guy Tracy Lawless he’d gone to work, reluctantly, for Center City’s crime boss Sebastian Hyde. As things get going here he’s basically an enforcer and hit man, but Mr. Hyde thinks he’s not a team player and is too soft because he only whacks people who have it coming, not just anyone the boss man thinks needs whacking.

A problem has arisen though in that a bunch of crooked but supposedly protected types (“made men”) are being offed and nobody can figure out who’s doing it. Hyde puts Lawless on the case, which ends up involving a gang of vigilantes looking to clean up the mean streets. At the same time the army has sent a special agent after Lawless, who has technically gone AWOL. And Lawless is trying to rein in Hyde’s wild child of a daughter while at the same time having an affair with Hyde’s wife.

There’s a lot going on that needs to get sorted out, which it is in the usual brutal fashion. The pieces all fit together nicely though and I thought this was the best constructed story in the series so far. The only complain I’d register has to do with the speech balloons. These are often doubled so that two balloons are placed side by side with an open gap between them. The problem is that the space doesn’t make it clear if the text should be read straight across or in all of one bubble first and then on to the next. Once you get used to it you can read it more easily, but it remains a bit off-putting.

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Where optimism and nihilism meet, or When Galbraith might have missed something . . .

From The Great Crash 1929 (1954) by John Kenneth Galbraith:

We do not know why a great speculative orgy occurred in 1928 and 1929. The long accepted explanation that credit was easy and so people were impelled to borrow money to buy common stocks on margin is obviously nonsense. On numerous occasions before and since credit has been easy, and there has been no speculation whatever. Furthermore, much of the 1928 and 1929 speculation occurred on money borrowed at interest rates which for years before, and in any period since, would have been considered exceptionally astringent. Money, by the ordinary tests, was tight in the late twenties.

Far more important than rate of interest and the supply of credit is the mood. Speculation on a large scale requires a pervasive sense of confidence and optimism and conviction that ordinary people were meant to be rich. People must also have faith in the good intentions and even in the benevolence of others, for it is by the agency of others that they will get rich. In 1929 Professor Dice observed: “The common folks believe in their leaders. We no longer look upon the captains of industry as magnified crooks. Have we not heard their voices over the radio? Are we not familiar with their thoughts, ambitions, and ideals as they have expressed them to us almost as a man talks to his friend?” Such a feeling of trust is essential for a boom. When people are cautious, questioning, misanthropic, suspicious, or mean, they are immune to speculative enthusiasms.

From “Rational gamblers: Gen Z, financial nihilism and the great wealth transfer” World Economic Forum, Mar 19, 2026:

Recent US college grads with $94,000 in debt are buying crypto and betting on prediction markets. Priced out of housing and with stagnant wages, Gen Z adults (aged 18 to 27) have done the math and the calculations say the traditional system isn’t working for them.

In 1990, the median American home cost 3.2 times the median household income. Today it costs 5 times the median income, and for someone aged 20-34, closer to 8 times their annual salary.

In the US, the median wage for a bachelor’s degree holder, when adjusted for inflation, has barely moved from $58,138 in 1990 to $60,000 today. The generation’s unemployment rate sits at 8.3%, which is double the national average. Although younger workers historically experience higher unemployment, today half of recent grads are underemployed and entry level jobs have declined by 35% in recent years.

People in this generation also carry more personal debt than any other – $94,101 on average – and 46% of Gen Z workers have already withdrawn from their retirement savings. The main reason for 42% of them was to pay down debt.

These Gen Zers couldn’t find a chapter for their situation in the conventional financial playbook, so they started writing their own.

The phrase “financial nihilism” describes the sense that the economic system no longer rewards prudence or long-term planning. It is shorthand for a generation’s apparently self-destructive relationship with money, which includes crypto bets, prediction markets and retirement accounts raided to pay off credit cards.

A recent University of Chicago and Northwestern University study offers a more precise frame. This research shows that, as someone’s perceived probability of homeownership falls, their behaviour often shifts. They consume more relative to their personal wealth and they also take a measurable turn toward riskier investments.

This shows up in the numbers. Crypto is held by 42% of Gen Z investors – nearly four times the 11% who hold a retirement account. Almost one in five investors under 30 surveyed in 2022 held nothing but cryptocurrency. Some estimates show prediction markets’ trading volume has quadrupled in the past few years, with nearly a third of Gen Z investors participating in them or considering it.

Criminal 4: Bad Night

Criminal 4: Bad Night

The fourth volume in the Criminal series is a bit of a side alley off the main mean streets of Center City. Several times in earlier comics we’d seen glimpses of a newspaper serial about a Dick Tracy-clone private investigator named Frank Kafka. And just saying that much I want to stop for a second and wonder when this neo-noir series is set. The stories in the previous volume, The Dead and the Dying, were time-stamped 1972. Bad Night is presumably set a generation later but I don’t think there were many newspapers running serial comic strips around that time. And the nod to Dick Tracy is unambiguous, down to the sharp brim of Frank Kafka’s fedora. I guess it’s always the 1930s or ‘40s in neo-noir, a timeless shade of gray.

Anyway, Bad Night tells the story of Jacob Kurtz, the creator of the Frank Kafka strip. Kurtz is haunted by various demons, including some damaging run-ins with the law years earlier, just after the death of his wife and being busted for his involvement in a counterfeit ring. To be honest, I wasn’t sure what all happened in the past, but it got a police detective named Max Starr (yeah, right) on Jacob’s case and there’s a mutual hate between the two that has continued. This complicates things even more when Kurtz falls in with a femme fatale named Iris and gets involved, against his will, in another bad heist. There seem to be a lot of bad heist plans in this series.

I found it perfectly readable, with all the requisite squalid highlights. Iris, for example, is a nurse and a stripper (virgin and whore), someone so sexually damaged that “to get off, she needed a savagery that bordered on contempt.” Which is another way of saying she has bad taste in men. I had some trouble figuring out what was driving Max Starr though, and the ending seemed a little muddled. Kurtz has visions of Frank Kafka appearing at his side throughout the back half of the book and it’s clear that he (Kurtz) doesn’t enjoy robust mental health, so any conclusions you draw have to be qualified given that you may be reading the diary of a madman.

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Montalbano: Voice of the Violin

There’s a curious feature of the Inspector Montalbano stories that I should talk about. Other detective series rarely follow a chronology, if there’s even one to be followed. That’s how things started out with the Sherlock Holmes stories, which were all drawn from Dr. Watson’s case files in whatever order he chose. There are a few instances in the canon where reference is made to earlier cases that can be identified, but dating the individual stories is itself a parlour game for Holmesians. Similarly, it’s hard to come up with a strict chronology of the cases solved by Hercule Poirot or Ms. Marple or Lew Archer or Nero Wolfe. Which is another way of saying that they are all standalone stories you can read in whatever order you want.

That’s not how the Montalbano canon works. Each novel has two stories. There’s the individual case Montalbano is trying to solve and then there’s the larger story of everything else that’s going on in his life, with events very much following in order from the previous book. So, for example, at the end of The Snack Thief it looked like Montalbano and his mistress (for lack of a better word) Livia were going to adopt François and maybe start a family. In this book, however, that plan is going sideways as François doesn’t want to leave his foster home. Complicating matters is that the woman who is fostering François is Augello’s sister, with Augello being one of Montalbano’s lieutenants and not the one he gets along with the best. There’s some rivalry going on there, and my ears pricked up a bit when Livia says Augello treats her “like a brother” and “more than a brother.” What does that mean? Anyway, when Livia finds out where things stand there are some fireworks. And waterworks. Which made me wonder a bit about this business of having a mistress. I thought the whole point of a mistress is that they bring peace and comfort and understanding into your life. Livia is a pure chaos agent and seems to make Montalbano miserable. And he isn’t even a married man! This shouldn’t be so complicated. But maybe that’s the problem. She should be his girl on the side and instead she’s his only outlet.

Anyway, that’s all part of the big story that’s going on in the background. The specific mystery being investigated has to do with a beautiful woman whose naked body is found, by accident, in an unoccupied house. Montalbano has a way of just having cases like this just drop into his lap. Luckily, the solutions come about almost as conveniently. There’s a clue that’s teased in the early going that you have to be pretty slow not to pick up on because it’s flagged in the title. Things are made more difficult though because of the endless infighting that apparently always goes on within and between different police departments and different levels of the justice system in Sicily.

I thought the mystery part of the story was interesting, with some eccentric characters and a quick pace. Along the way I also learned for the first time about a car named a Twingo (made by Renault, I don’t know if we ever had them here) and a Guarneri violin (very rare and expensive, a rival to the Stradivarius). To be honest, this was probably my favourite book in the series so far, the one I enjoyed the most, so at least things are heading in the right direction.

Montalbano index

The Death of Superman

The Death of Superman

At the time (1992-93) this comic was an event and caused a sensation. But then with its success (it sold over 6 million copies) it became a kind of trend. Now superheroes, and indeed whole universes, are dispatched with ease. Because you can always bring them back in another timeline. Or, as happened in the case of Superman, have him regenerated somehow. It wouldn’t take long before The Simpsons were even mocking the whole thing as a “fake-out.”

I wouldn’t be quite that cynical, and I am a cynical guy. Sure you could call this a publicity stunt, but DC is in the business of drawing attention and selling comics. I don’t knock them for it. I was, however, a little disappointed at what they came up with for the Man of Steel’s final act.

This comic only contains the first of three story arcs that make up the Death of Superman cycle. It’s called “Doomsday!” which is the name of the behemoth who takes Superman down. Nowhere is it explained who or what Doomsday is. According to Maxima, who gets inside his head at one point, “He’s hate, death, and blood lust personified! Nothing more.” Huh. Later comics would go into his background, and it is kind of interesting, but here he’s just a juggernaut who destroys everything in his path. Why it takes so long for him to get out of his straitjacket wasn’t clear to me. Once we get a look at him he didn’t seem that striking in appearance, with his most distinguishing characteristic being the horny protuberances that stick out of his joints.

What really let me down though is that he’s dumb as a bag of sand. I would have thought Superman might have used his had and come up with a winning strategy given how predictable Doomsday is, but instead they just go toe-to-toe in a series of slobberknockers that turns the story into a repetitive slugfest, punctuated with sound effects like “KRAKATOOM!” and bellows of “GRAAUHRARR!”

It’s not a bad comic, and given the stakes you can excuse how seriously it takes itself. I also liked how the final issue is presented entirely in full-page drawings, with a final double-page spread of Superman expiring in Lois Lane’s arms. They really wanted this to be a comic for the ages. I don’t think they did though just because Doomsday is so limited a villain and there’s no plot to speak of at all. It does have a kind of primitive force to it though and is easy to remember, even if the rumours of Superman’s demise were, as everyone guessed, greatly exaggerated.

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A word for the working man

Reading Anton Jäger’s Hyperpolitics recently I came across the following sentence:

That humanity faces world-historical challenges at the beginning of the twenty-first century — from global warming and economic inequality to mounting geopolitical tensions — is a banausic truism.

That word “banausic” didn’t really stump me because I could guess its meaning in context. I also felt like it was a word I had known and even used previously, even though I couldn’t quite place it. So a bit of spadework was in order.

Banausic derives from the Greek banausos, a pejorative term for manual laborers such as blacksmiths or carpenters. It’s been speculated that the etymology is from baunos (furnace) and originally referred to jobs involving fire, like a smith or potter. This has, however, been questioned. The main point is that Greek intellectual life took a dim view of working-class jobs so calling something banausic was a putdown.

In modern times the meaning has stayed along these same lines. Apparently it is still used in German to describe an uncultured person or Philistine. In English it has been defined as meaning vulgar or mundane, or (in slightly less negative terms) merely utilitarian and practical. It’s even been expanded to refer to any profession (law, business) that prioritizes making money over the life of the mind.

Having gathered all this, I was left wondering: was Jäger using the word correctly? I think what he meant was that the fact that the world faces a lot of serious challenges is a banal observation. Banal having the meaning of being unoriginal, dull, or inane, and deriving from a French word for a feudal lord’s rights (I’m not sure I understand the connection). I think this is what Jäger meant, as banausic doesn’t really fit. If you’re going to flash around fancy words you have to use them right!

Words, words, words

Aliens vs. Avengers

Aliens vs. Avengers

I’ve said several times before how much I like the Alien comics, first the ones published by Dark Horse and then by Marvel. Within the framework of the franchise they’ve always succeeded in being highly original, entertaining, single-story arcs that deliver exactly what you pay for. Facehuggers, chestbursters, Xenomorph queens, space marines, evil or virtuous synths . . . we all know what’s coming and I’ve never been disappointed.

Aliens vs. Avengers comes close to breaking that streak. For starters, and I think for the first time in the comics, the Alien mythology is expanded to take on the role of the Engineers. I wish they’d never introduced the Engineers. They just confuse everything. Anyway, they’re the ones who created the Xenomorphs as a “universal extinction machine.” This plot is discovered by the Wakandan Galactic Empire though, who are sent into crisis mode when the Xenos use the same black hole transportation system the Wakandans have used to spread throughout every corner of the universe. Which means that yes, the Xenomorphs are coming to Earth.

Are you following all this? Because it gets even more confusing. This four-part series is a real mess. I think they could have run it out to 20 issues and it still would have been hard to follow. Perhaps the thing that surprised me the most is that because this story is set in the future the Avengers are a pretty old bunch. Lots of bald heads and grey beards. Bruce Banner is an old man and Tony Stark stuck is in a wheelchair, but they can still fight because the Hulk doesn’t age and Tony can turn his wheelchair into an Iron Man suit. Spider-Man is Miles Morales all grown up. Wolverine is a grizzled vet (living on Mars now with the other mutants), but then we’ve seen Old Man Logan before and we know he can still fight. T’Challa (Black Panther) has white hair, but his son Azari is taking over anyway.

So it’s the Old Avengers who are tasked with defending Earth. A job they certainly aren’t up to, since the whole planet is overrun in a couple of pages and the survivors have to escape in a spaceship, which reminded me a bit of the DCeased storyline. I don’t know if these comics are making a broader cultural point about it being game over on Earth now, but it’s possible.

Anyway, as you may have guessed this is a talky comic and not all of the talk is good. I’m still scratching my head over “Sentimentality without permanence is purpose without cause.” And it’s also not really an Alien or an Avengers comic, though they’re both involved. What it finally comes down to is Mister Sinister teaming up with the Xenomorphs while the superheroes have to rely on Venom to save the day.  Which may not have been what you came in for. It certainly wasn’t what I was expecting. But that’s not always a bad thing and I didn’t think it was all bad here. It’s just that these epic story arcs put me off and there’s so much new world-building going on here that the proceedings aren’t easy to follow or, for that matter, to stay interested in. The presentation of the Avengers as retirees was also a bit of a downer. So credit to Jonathan Hickman for going his own way, and good art from Esad Ribić, but not my thing. And please, can we just get rid of the Engineers?

Graphicalex

Criminal 3: The Dead and the Dying

Criminal 3: The Dead and the Dying

The third entry in the Criminal series is itself made up of three separate stories that are linked by way of certain recurring characters. In other words, you could think of The Dead and the Dying as a sort of microcosm of Criminal as a whole.

All the stories are set in 1972, so they deal with a previous generation to the characters we met in Coward and Lawless. Though to be honest, nothing here feels a bit different from the later stories. I don’t think Center City changes very much. The middle story, “A Wolf Among Wolves,” is about Teeg Lawless, the father of Tracy and Ricky (and yes, it’s yet another story of a heist gone wrong). Then we get the back story of how Sebastian Hyde came to be the crime boss of Center City. But the main connecting thread has to do with a woman named Danica (whose pussy is “a deadly weapon”) and how she is abused and let down by various men.

It’s another effective comic. I especially liked the black beats that interrupt Teeg’s section. That’s a technique that might not have worked, but Brubaker and Phillips don’t set a foot wrong with this material and I thought the interrupted visuals added to the sense of Teeg’s mental and moral disintegration. Otherwise, it’s a comic that fills in blanks and adds to the sense of a tightening web of fate being drawn around these people. It’s funny how each comic ends with the words “The End,” as it’s clear that nothing is ever over in this town.

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Mighty Marvel Masterworks: The Incredible Hulk Volume 1

Mighty Marvel Masterworks: The Incredible Hulk Volume 1

When I was a kid I had a paperback collection of the first six or so issues of The Incredible Hulk, so basically the same comics as are collected here. I read that book until it fell apart, but didn’t have any other books like it. I don’t think that experiment really took for Marvel, but this Mighty Marvel Masterworks series seems to be doing well. They’re cheaper reproductions in a smaller format than the Epic Collections, but as long as you’re not a comic purist who gets upset at any tampering with the format or colour of the original then they do the job.

So what we have here is the Hulk’s original origin story, with Dr. Bruce Banner being irradiated from the blast of the gamma bomb he designed. He should have been observing the blast from a safe distance but he had to go out to rescue 16-year-old Rick Jones, who had driven out onto the test site. Rick Jones will, unfortunately, continue to be the Hulk’s sidekick for all of these early comics and he’s a pointless burden. Literally as he holds on to the Hulk’s back as they go hopping around.

Stan Lee was just trying out ideas here, looking to see what would work. In the first issue the Hulk is actually gray but this turned out to be too hard a colour to manage so in subsequent issues he experienced a chromatic shift (without any explanation) into the more familiar green. As initially introduced he also turns into the Hulk only at night and is Dr. Banner by day, which was too limiting for the character and so was discarded nearly as quickly as the gray skin. Then for a while Banner built a gamma ray machine that allowed him to change himself into the Hulk and then back again, but you could tell that device was wearing thin already by the later issues here. And finally there’s the question of how the Hulk gets around. In issue #3 Rick easily runs away from him: “Lucky for me the Hulk can’t move too fast!” But later in the same issue the big green guy is literally flying around with his island-hopping jumps.

In short, things were very much in a state of flux and it wasn’t clear what sort of a character the Hulk would be. Though that’s something that has stayed with the Hulk over the years, as evidenced by the different forms and colours he’s taken. Essentially this is another take on the Jekyll-Hyde dichotomy, the “milksop” scientist and the unleashed beast, and it’s always been a live question how much the one bleeds into the other.

The writing is slapdash in the extreme. Apparently Dr. Banner and Rick have excavated that underground hideout where the Hulk can be locked up all by themselves. And when the Hulk breaks the door down and smashes the elaborate mechanism used to shut it, it can be quickly repaired. “Lucky I was able to replace this shattered steel ramrod!” Rick tells us. Lucky indeed. When the Toad Men arrive from outer space their “grapplers” are quickly able to identify “the most brilliant scientific brain on Earth” (which would be Dr. Banner). When the Hulk and Rick and Betty Ross escape from the underground kingdom of Tyrannus the Mighty, Betty is in a state of shock that is like “some kind of amnesia!” Which means she conveniently won’t remember any of their adventures. You can see how comics had a lot of growing up to do. At this point superhero comics were juvenile entertainment and made no bones about it.

Originally published from 1962 to 1963, there’s the usual Cold War overlay, something I mentioned before in my review of the contemporary Ant-Man comics. The Hulk faces off against such Red menaces as the Gargoyle (whose defeat might signal “the beginning of the end of the Red tyranny too!”), Mongo (not a “gladiator from space” but a robot built by the “wily Reds”), and General Fang (a Chinese Communist warlord who leads his hordes against peaceful neighbours). “Do those commies think they’re playing with kids?” the Hulk asks, as he crushes one of their grenades in his hand. If so, they are soon disabused of the notion.

I liked this well enough when I was a kid, which isn’t surprising given that was very much who these comics were aimed at. That’s obvious just from the presence of Rick Jones and the Teen Brigade. These kids are actually the most dated part of all these books, saying things like “Daddy-O.” But that’s the price you pay for being hip.

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Holmes: The Adventure of the Priory School

The canonical Holmes stories usually aren’t that difficult or even clever as mysteries. There are few clues for the reader to weigh and consider, as opposed to Holmes studying matters (sometimes literally) on the ground. Also, because these are short stories it’s not as though a full line-up of suspects can be introduced. So it’s usually obvious what is going on, with things made even more obvious by the way characters are presented. Of course some of this can be attributed to the fact that Watson is narrating, and he knows who the guilty parties are. They aren’t going to be presented in a good light, even in their initial appearance. That’s very much what happens here when we’re introduced to Mr. James Wilder, personal secretary to the Duke of Holdernesse: “He was small, nervous, alert, with intelligent, light-blue eyes and mobile features.”

“OK,” we say. “That’s the guy who did it.” I mean, what’s he so nervous about?

What Wilder did, specifically, is kidnap the legal heir to the Duke, a boy with the improbably noble name of Saltire. In heraldry and vexillology (the study of flags and their meaning) a saltire is a diagonal (or St. Andrew’s) cross. I’ve never heard of anyone being named Saltire, though Saltire is an English surname, deriving not from the heraldic symbol but from the profession of manufacturing or dealing in salt (that is, a “salter”).

Anyway, the boy has gone missing from the Midlands boarding school he’d been staying at and the headmaster, who has the improbably headmasterish name of Dr. Thorneycroft Huxtable, comes to London to enlist the help of Holmes. This Holmes does by the usual method of drawing precise conclusions from vague or slight physical clues. Instead of footprints we have tire tracks and hoofprints to be studied. Holmes can tell what direction a bicycle was going in from the impression left by its tires, the possibility of which is something scholars still debate. But all he really had to do was take a good look at Wilder as well as the Duke himself. Something is clearly not right with the Duke:

He was a tall and stately person, scrupulously  dressed, with a drawn, thin face, and a nose which was grotesquely curved and long. His complexion was of a dead pallor, which was more startling by contrast with a long, dwindling beard of vivid red, which flowed down over his white waistcoat, with his watch-chain gleaning through its fringe.

The word “grotesque” should trigger you, and the beard is the icing on the cake. Even though such full-length beards were the fashion around the time this story is set (possibly 1900 or 1901, according to most Holmesians), the clash between the vivid red beard and the white waistcoat is a remarkable image. “OK,” we say. “This guy is somehow involved in it.” And Holmes has no trouble fingering him for his involvement (the nature of which turns out to be something quite bizarre), while making sure in advance that Holmes is going to collect, in full, the reward money for finding the lost Saltire.

Holmes index