I kicked off my thoughts on A Study in Scarlet by talking about the duality that the Holmes stories have been taken as embodying, and how one critic saw Holmes and Watson as just such a doubling, not unlike the “duality of man” theme explored in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. I thought of that again reading this story, not only because Watson explicitly draws attention to Holmes’s “dual nature” and its bipolar swinging “from extreme languor to devouring energy,” but for the way the pawn shop faces two ways: onto a quiet square and then, just around the corner, onto a fashionable main traffic artery. The two streets present “as great a contrast . . . as the front of a picture does to the back.” “It was difficult to realize as we looked at the line of fine shops and stately business premises that they really abutted on the other side upon the faded and stagnant square we had just quitted.” This is not unlike the home of Dr. Jekyll, which presents “a great air of wealth and comfort” at the front, while the back door (which Mr. Hyde uses) is in a state of dirty disrepair.

It’s just another connection that leads you to think not that Doyle was systematically building up this kind of dualistic model but that this was just the way his mind worked. And to be sure it was an idea that psychology was beginning to explore in more depth at the same time.

Putting all that aside, this was a favourite story of Doyle’s and has been for many of his readers, in large part I think because it’s so silly and relatively easy to solve. Mr. Jabez Wilson is slow not to see through the transparent ruse to get him out of the house for a few hours a day: paying him a goodly salary just for having red hair and being able to copy out pages of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Then again, he needed the money so we have to excuse him. People always believe what they want or need to believe to get them through the day. As readers, however, it’s pretty clear what’s going on, and at the first mention of the bank’s location you should be locked in.

I wonder when this particular criminal plot was first seen. The story came out in 1891 and I have to think somebody had come up with the idea before that. It may have been something Doyle got from an actual heist. In 1828 Australia’s first bank robbery had a gang of men tunneling off a sewer drain into a bank vault. I don’t know if there’d been many fictional accounts of similar operations though. There was a robbery in London (on Baker Street, no less) in 1971 that was apparently based on “The Red-Headed League.” “Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life” (Oscar Wilde, 1889).That Baker Street robbery was in turn dramatized in a 2008 film called The Bank Job, and may have also provided the inspiration for the heist in Sexy Beast. There are only so many plots for criminals, or authors, to make use of.

Holmes index

There Is No Ethan: How Three Women Caught America’s Biggest Catfish

By Anna Akbari

Page I bailed on: 20

Verdict: I had really, really high hopes for this one. A woman, with the help of some similarly situated friends, tracking down an Internet romance scammer sounded like a great story. And in fact the story turned out to be a lot weirder than I was expecting. As it turns out, the scammer here, who presented himself as “Ethan Schuman” online, was actually a New Jersey woman named Emily Slutsky who had degrees in nuclear science, biomedical engineering, and literature from M.I.T. and who was at the time a medical student in Ireland. She would later become a practicing gynecologist back in the U.S. That’s weird! And interesting. I mean, she wasn’t even getting any money from these women she met online. She just seemed addicted to the game.

But boy did the first chapter, which is all I read, put me off reading any more. I did skip ahead and read the Afterword, but after Ethan’s initial “courtship” of Akbari I had to pull the plug.

So what triggered me?

Akbari is a sociologist with a special interest in the construction and performance of identity. She also was a veteran of the online dating scene when “Ethan” hooked her. So no excuses there. What led to her undoing then? As has been stated countless times before, but is still worth repeating, a con works when it tells people what they want to hear, and encourages them to believe what they already want to believe. And for most people this isn’t something that’s hard to figure out, as most people want the same things. You may get upset at someone “telling you what you want,” but in fact this is easy to do. When it comes to dating it’s even easier, as there are mountains of data telling us exactly what it is we want. Romance scammers, appealing to either gender, don’t have to work very hard.

Akbari was an easy mark. She gives Slutsky far too much credit for her special insight into a well-educated, professional woman’s needs, due to her in fact being a well-educated, professional woman. But some guy working in a boiler room in Nigeria knows just as much what buttons to push. These aren’t professional secrets.

And so I laughed out loud at the dating profile “Ethan” had set up and posted on OKCupid. He was, of course, 6-foot-tall, good looking (Emily used some old pictures of a guy she knew, so “Ethan” also looked much younger than he claimed to be), a graduate of Columbia and M.I.T. (where he got a Ph.D. in applied math), drove a BMW, worked in finance (Morgan Stanley, of course), lived on the Upper West Side, split his time between NYC, DC, and Ireland, and had a dog named Harvey.

Oh, please! Tall, good-looking, rich (the Holy Trinity, or triple-6s), hyper-educated at the top schools, vaguely progressive, a job in international finance, a fashionable and affluent address, has a dog . . . it’s like Emily used a template, not even bothering if any of it was believable. It’s the equivalent of a female catfish dating profile of an attractive young woman in a bikini who loves to cook and “take care of her man.” In other words: a complete joke, and I would have thought a transparent one at that.

If “Ethan” were real these qualities would put him somewhere in the top 0.1% of the value charts. Guys like this are not on dating sites. And if they were, they likely wouldn’t be interested in the women who fall for them. But Akbari – who has to be praised for her openness and honesty, however deluded she may have been – “wanted an equal” and thought she’d found one in “Ethan.” “Ethan was impressive – there was no denying that,” she tells us. “But we felt well matched.” We felt? Who’s that we? Akbari had a Ph.D. in sociology and was teaching at NYU. As the Reverend Elton tries to explain to Emma Woodhouse, everybody has their level.

The word usually used to describe the dating strategy at work here is hypergamy: the idea that women only date and mate up (men are less concerned with status). Akbari, whose doctorial dissertation had been on “aspirational identity,” was dreaming a romantic cliché in thinking she’d found a soulmate in “Ethan.” But no different in any respect from any female victim of this con that we’ve heard about. And again I applaud these women for their honesty, and note in passing that I believe statistics show that slightly more men fall victim to romance scams than women, only we hear less from them. But just to take other examples that have recently been reported on in the news, there is no way a “starchitect” who designs luxury resort properties around the world, or a former special forces soldier who looks like a model from a men’s fitness magazine, or a businessman with his own private jet, is going to be interested in a middle-aged office administrator or nursing assistant living in Des Moines. Or, for that matter, a university teacher, tenured or not.

Akbari didn’t need to be more on guard, she needed to be more self-aware. Instead of admitting (to herself at least) that she was looking to move up she couches her quest to find love in terms of finding an “equal . . . who matched my energy and curiosity,” “romantic companionship” and “emotional connection.” This is the crap you put on your profile page. But you can’t believe your own propaganda.

My cynicism doesn’t come from any of this background analysis though, but instead is a response to how the language of love has degraded in the age of instant messaging. Even in the longer-form missives “Ethan” indulged in, he sounds dull, superficial, and frankly insulting toward Akbari right from the get-go. Is this what people mean by having “game”? Reading their correspondence I couldn’t for the life of me see what she was seeing in the guy’s personality. Which reinforced my feeling that she wasn’t interested in his personality at all, but perhaps more in the generic alpha-male profile. It was his “cleverness, his openness, and perhaps most of all, his eagerness to keep the conversation going that swept me off my digital feet.” No evidence is given of any of these qualities. Not one display of wit, creativity, humour, or even intelligence.

Was Akbari just lying to herself? Probably. But in writing a book about her experience I couldn’t help feeling that she either still hadn’t figured all this out or wasn’t being quite as open and honest as I was being led to expect. In any event, I was, as I say, triggered, and despite how interesting a story it seemed to be I just skipped to the end and tossed it.

The DNF files

The first of the Sherlock Holmes short stories and a popular favourite, “A Scandal in Bohemia” introduces us to Irene Adler, “the woman,” and specifically the woman who bests Holmes. Despite only appearing in this story, Adler has gone on to become a kind of feminist icon with a long deuterocanonical afterlife. This is understandable, as she not only gets a jump on Holmes but clearly has fun doing so, even taunting him twice. But if you’d been keeping up with the stories as they were published might you suspect that Holmes wasn’t always as sharp as he makes himself (or Watson makes him) out to be? It was pretty bad how the person disguised as a little old lady fools him completely in A Study in Scarlet. And Ms. Adler is a professional performer.

I’ve had occasion to mention Doyle’s debt to the Dupin stories of Poe a couple of times already, and the link is here again, as Holmes’s mission is very similar to that of Dupin in “The Purloined Letter.” Instead of a letter there is a “cabinet” (roughly 4”x6”) photograph of Adler with the King of Bohemia, the publication of which could cause a scandal. The king has tried to retrieve the letter, ransacking Adler’s home on a couple of occasions, and hasn’t been able to find it. But Holmes has his own method of getting her to give up the secret of its location.

In cutting things down from novel-length to short story Doyle had to tighten everything up, which works wonderfully well. Gone are the lengthy, and tedious, explainers. But the new economy can be felt down to the level of individual sentences. Here’s Holmes, for example, saying good-bye to the king, and then to Watson some time later, all collapsed into one line of dialogue:

“Then, good-night, your Majesty, and I trust that we shall have some good news for you. And good-night, Watson,” he added, as the wheels of the royal brougham rolled down the street.

How much time has passed between the two good-nights? Enough for the king to descend the stairs from Holmes’s apartment, get into his brougham, and drive away.

A similar collapsing of time occurs when Holmes gets back to his apartment, where Watson has been waiting for him. He’s hungry when he gets in, and orders up some cold beef and a glass of beer from the landlady, but Watson wants to hear what he’s been up to. Holmes responds:

“When Mrs. Turner has brought in the tray I will make it clear to you. Now,” he said as he turned hungrily on the simple fare that our landlady had provided, “I must discuss it while I eat, for I have not much time.”

Between the first sentence he utters and the “Now” several minutes at least much have passed, but they’re completely elided.

“A Scandal in Bohemia” was first published in 1891 and I wonder how many literary authors were experimenting this boldly with the presentation of time in their writing. This introduces a deeper question about how avant the avant-garde ever were, and whether more commercial forms of art and literature weren’t already leaving them a bit behind the times (to borrow the title of an excellent book on the subject by Eric Hobsbawm) even before the arrival of what’s known as modernism. If Doyle was borrowing from others he was also blazing new ground.

Holmes index

This doesn’t make the grandparents sound like they were any fun! Guess they didn’t enjoy having a lot of noisy kids around.